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EVEC Microgreens
Yield, Bioactive Compounds, and Antioxidant Potential of Twenty-Three Diverse Microgreen Species Grown Under Controlled Conditions
Selecting suitable crop species is crucial for optimizing the productivity and nutritional content of microgreens. In this study, twenty-three diverse micr
Bhornchai Harakotr, Lalita Charoensup, Panumart Rithichai, Yaowapha Jirakiattikul, Patlada Suthamwong
Resources · 2025 · https://doi.org/10.3390/resources14050071
Abstract
Selecting suitable crop species is crucial for optimizing the productivity and nutritional content of microgreens. In this study, twenty-three diverse microgreen species, grown under controlled conditions, were analyzed for yield, bioactive compounds, and antioxidant activities. The microgreens were cultivated on a peat substrate in a controlled environment, with a growth period of 6 to 20 days from planting to harvest. Conditions were maintained at 25 ± 2 °C, a 16 h photoperiod, CO2 concentration of 1000 ppm, relative humidity of 60 ± 2%, and the LED light was set at 330 μmol/m2/s PPFD. Results from the analysis revealed that the yield, bioactive compounds, and antioxidant potential differed significantly among the twenty-three microgreen species. Unfortunately, the superior microgreens exhibiting greater values for all studied traits could not be identified. However, the principal component analysis (PCA) clustered red radish, rat-tailed radish, and Chinese kale microgreens, which were high in both yield and bioactive compounds. In contrast, red holy basil and lemon basil microgreens had high levels of these compounds but low yields. Additionally, a high level of anti-tyrosinase activity was observed in garland chrysanthemum, Chinese mustard, and Chinese cabbage microgreens. Therefore, these microgreen species can be utilized individually or in varying ratios to produce bioactive compounds in different concentrations that are suitable for various applications. The information presented in this study provides valuable insights for health-conscious consumers and growers for selecting superior species with functional implications.
Licence and reuse
| Licence | CC-BY-4.0 |
|---|---|
| May we host this PDF? | Yes |
| May we publish a plain-language summary? | Yes — this licence permits adaptations. |
| Commercial use permitted? | Yes |
| Share-alike required? | No |
How to credit this work
Bhornchai Harakotr; Lalita Charoensup; Panumart Rithichai; Yaowapha Jirakiattikul; Patlada Suthamwong (2025). Yield, Bioactive Compounds, and Antioxidant Potential of Twenty-Three Diverse Microgreen Species Grown Under Controlled Conditions. Resources. https://doi.org/10.3390/resources14050071 Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Hosted by EVEC Athens (microgreens.org.gr). No changes were made to this article. Provided as-is, without warranties. EVEC Athens is not affiliated with, and this copy is not endorsed by, the authors or the publisher.
Explore this on our site
- How to grow it: Basil microgreens — growing guide
- How to grow it: Kale microgreens — growing guide
- How to grow it: Mustard microgreens — growing guide
- How to grow it: Radish microgreens — growing guide
- Related reading: The antioxidant capacity of radish microgreens
- Related reading: Microgreens and their anti inflammatory antioxidant and preventive potential
- Related reading: Solanaceae lectins and alkaloids the compounds that make some microgreens toxic
About this copy
This is a copy of the published article, hosted by EVEC Athens for free educational use under its open licence. The permanent scientific reference is the DOI above. We have not altered the file in any way. If you are an author or rights holder and want this copy removed,
Isabelle Crowe, Karen Charlton, Anne‐Therese McMahon, Indiana Rhind, Katherine Kent
Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics · 2025 · https://doi.org/10.1111/jhn.70103
Abstract
AIMS: Nutrition and dietetics students are future change agents for sustainable food systems, yet sustainability education remains limited in university curricula. This study evaluated the impact of an experiential learning activity using an indoor aquaponic system on students’ knowledge, attitudes and behavioural intentions towards sustainable diets. METHODS: An embedded mixed methods pre-post survey captured baseline data on students’ sustainable diet knowledge, attitudes and behaviours, alongside diet quality (using the Australian Recommended Food Score). Students then participated in an interactive experiential learning activity involving an indoor aquaponic system. Post-activity surveys assessed changes in knowledge and behaviour intentions, as well as perceptions of the learning experience. Quantitative data were analysed using chi-square tests, regression and McNemar-Bowker tests; qualitative responses were thematically analysed. RESULTS: At baseline, students (n = 58, 87.9% female) reported limited knowledge of local food systems, though most valued sustainable food practices. Students who placed high importance on sustainable diets were significantly more likely to engage in sustainable dietary behaviours. Diet quality was significantly higher among students who grew their own food, bought locally or purchased seasonal produce (all p < 0.05). Participation in the experiential learning activity significantly improved students’ self-reported knowledge of local food systems (p < 0.001) and increased their intentions towards buying locally-grown (57.9% to 86.8%, p < 0.001) and growing food (36.8% to 78.9%, p < 0.001). Thematic analysis highlighted students’ increased awareness of sustainability complexity, their role as nutrition professionals and the importance of curriculum integration. CONCLUSION: Experiential learning with an indoor aquaponic system enhanced students’ knowledge and intentions related to sustainable diets. Students who engaged in sustainable behaviours had significantly higher diet quality, highlighting the potential dual benefit of curriculum integration. Embedding sustainability-focused learning in nutrition curricula may better prepare students to lead change in food systems.
Licence and reuse
| Licence | CC-BY-4.0 |
|---|---|
| May we host this PDF? | Yes |
| May we publish a plain-language summary? | Yes — this licence permits adaptations. |
| Commercial use permitted? | Yes |
| Share-alike required? | No |
How to credit this work
Isabelle Crowe; Karen Charlton; Anne‐Therese McMahon; Indiana Rhind; Katherine Kent (2025). The Impact of Experiential Learning Using an Indoor Aquaponic System on Nutrition Students’ Sustainable Food Knowledge and Behaviour. Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics. https://doi.org/10.1111/jhn.70103 Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Hosted by EVEC Athens (microgreens.org.gr). No changes were made to this article. Provided as-is, without warranties. EVEC Athens is not affiliated with, and this copy is not endorsed by, the authors or the publisher.
About this copy
This is a copy of the published article, hosted by EVEC Athens for free educational use under its open licence. The permanent scientific reference is the DOI above. We have not altered the file in any way. If you are an author or rights holder and want this copy removed,
Onofrio Davide Palmitessa, Massimiliano Renna, Pasquale Crupi, Angelo Lovece, Filomena Corbo, Pietro Santamaria
Foods · 2020 · https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9050677
Abstract
Microgreens are gaining more and more interest, but little information is available on the effects of the chemical composition of the nutrient solution on the microgreen yield. In this study, three Brassica genotypes (B. oleracea var. italica, B. oleracea var. botrytis, and Brassica rapa L. subsp. sylvestris L. Janch. var. esculenta Hort) were fertigated with three modified strength Hoagland nutrient solutions (1/2, 1/4, and 1/8 strength) or with three modified half-strength Hoagland nutrient solutions with three different NH4:NO3 molar ratios (5:95, 15:85, and 25:75). Microgreen yields and content of inorganic ions, dietary fiber, proteins, α-tocopherol, and β-carotene were evaluated. Micro cauliflower showed the highest yield, as well as a higher content of mineral elements and α-tocopherol (10.4 mg 100 g−1 fresh weight (FW)) than other genotypes. The use of nutrient solution at half strength gave both a high yield (0.23 g cm−2) and a desirable seedling height. By changing the NH4:NO3 molar ratio in the nutrient solution, no differences were found on yield and growing parameters, although the highest β-carotene content (6.3 mg 100 g−1 FW) was found by using a NH4:NO3 molar ratio of 25:75. The lowest nitrate content (on average 6.8 g 100 g−1 dry weight) was found in micro broccoli and micro broccoli raab by using a nutrient solution with NH4:NO3 molar ratios of 25:75 and 5:95, respectively. Micro cauliflower fertigated with a NH4:NO3 molar ratio of 25:75 showed the highest dry matter (9.8 g 100 g−1 FW) and protein content (4.2 g 100 g−1 FW).
Licence and reuse
| Licence | CC-BY-4.0 |
|---|---|
| May we host this PDF? | Yes |
| May we publish a plain-language summary? | Yes — this licence permits adaptations. |
| Commercial use permitted? | Yes |
| Share-alike required? | No |
How to credit this work
Onofrio Davide Palmitessa; Massimiliano Renna; Pasquale Crupi; Angelo Lovece; Filomena Corbo; Pietro Santamaria (2020). Yield and Quality Characteristics of Brassica Microgreens as Affected by the NH4:NO3 Molar Ratio and Strength of the Nutrient Solution. Foods. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9050677 Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Hosted by EVEC Athens (microgreens.org.gr). No changes were made to this article. Provided as-is, without warranties. EVEC Athens is not affiliated with, and this copy is not endorsed by, the authors or the publisher.
Explore this on our site
- How to grow it: Broccoli microgreens — growing guide
- Related reading: Broccoli microgreens and sulforaphane what the research shows
- Related reading: Protein rich microgreens pea lentil chickpea and sunflower
About this copy
This is a copy of the published article, hosted by EVEC Athens for free educational use under its open licence. The permanent scientific reference is the DOI above. We have not altered the file in any way. If you are an author or rights holder and want this copy removed,
Leandro L. Coutinho, Tharcísio Citrangulo Tortelli, María Cristina Rangel
Frontiers in Oncology · 2023 · https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2023.1089115
Abstract
Cancer is a major public health concern worldwide responsible for high morbidity and mortality rates. Alternative therapies have been extensively investigated, and plant-derived compounds have caught the attention of the scientific community due to their chemopreventive and anticancer effects. Sulforaphane (SFN) is one of these naturally occurring agents, and studies have shown that it is able to target a specific cancer cell population displaying stem-like properties, known as cancer stem cells (CSCs). These cells can self-renewal and differentiate to form highly heterogeneous tumor masses. Notably, most of the conventional chemotherapeutic agents cannot target CSCs once they usually exist in a quiescent state and overall, the available cytotoxic drugs focus on highly dividing cells. This is, at least in part, one of the reasons why some oncologic patients relapse after standard therapy. In this review we bring together studies supporting not only the chemopreventive and anticancer properties of SFN, but especially the emerging anti-CSCs effects of this natural product and its potential to be used with conventional antineoplastic drugs in the clinical setting.
Licence and reuse
| Licence | CC-BY-4.0 |
|---|---|
| May we host this PDF? | Yes |
| May we publish a plain-language summary? | Yes — this licence permits adaptations. |
| Commercial use permitted? | Yes |
| Share-alike required? | No |
How to credit this work
Leandro L. Coutinho; Tharcísio Citrangulo Tortelli; María Cristina Rangel (2023). Sulforaphane: An emergent anti-cancer stem cell agent. Frontiers in Oncology. https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2023.1089115 Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Hosted by EVEC Athens (microgreens.org.gr). No changes were made to this article. Provided as-is, without warranties. EVEC Athens is not affiliated with, and this copy is not endorsed by, the authors or the publisher.
Explore this on our site
- Related reading: Broccoli microgreens and sulforaphane what the research shows
- Related reading: Solanaceae lectins and alkaloids the compounds that make some microgreens toxic
About this copy
This is a copy of the published article, hosted by EVEC Athens for free educational use under its open licence. The permanent scientific reference is the DOI above. We have not altered the file in any way. If you are an author or rights holder and want this copy removed, please use our notice and takedown procedure. We acknowledge every request within five working days, and act within ten.
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